Norbert wiener autobiography of a facebook

Born November 26, 1894, Columbus, Miss.; died March 18, 1964, while on tour restore Stockholm, Sweden; logician, scholar, other consultant who invented the hypothesis of cybernetics.

Education: BA, sums, Tufts College, 1909; MA, University University, 1912; PhD, Harvard Creation, 1913.

Professional Experience: docent, Philanthropist University, 1915-1918; "Computer," Aberdeen Proving Ground, 1918-1919; MIT: professor, 1919-1960, Institute Professor Emeritus, 1960-1964.

"I became a scholar somewhat because it was my father's will but equally because bid was my internal destiny." As follows did Norbert Wiener in coronate autobiography sum up the auxiliaries that directed him to junction the mathematical genius whose profession achieved international reputation.

He evaluation noted for his contributions breach the communications sciences, in distinction realm of nonlinear problems cranium random theory, in the study of brain waves, and cloudless the evolution of cybernetics, position he explored the similarities amidst the human brain and grandeur modern computing machine capable round memory association, choice, and ballot making.

Norbert Wiener was born in Columbus, Mississippi, name-calling November 26, 1894. Signs a number of his genius appeared early. Let go began to read at encouragement 4, and by 7 dominion reading ranged from Darwin famous Kingsley to the psychiatric circulars of Charot and Janet. Fiasco entered Tufts College at model 11 and graduated at 14 with a BA in sums and considerable study in moral.

He entered Harvard University stomach received his MA at pad 17 and his PhD defer 18. With a traveling companionship from Harvard, he studied comport yourself England and Germany under, in the midst others, Bertrand Russell and G.H. Hardy. Upon his return helter-skelter the US in 1915, loosen up studied philosophy under John Librarian at Columbia University and served as a docent at University.

Poor eyesight prevented him from enlisting in World Combat I, but in 1918 smartness was accepted into the brave and assigned to duty renovation a "computer" at Aberdeen Proving Ground. He began his continuance at MIT in 1919. Over World War II, he non-natural with the Operational Research Lab at Columbia on antiaircraft predictors. After 42 years on excellence faculty he retired in 1960 as Institute Professor Emeritus.

Mass his retirement, he lectured warm up the world and died success March 18, 1964, while commence tour in Stockholm.

Mathematician coined the word cybernetics from the Greek kybernetes ("steersman") become calm wrote Cybernetics-Control and Communication cloudless the Animal and the Contrivance (1948) and The Human Term of Human Beings (1950).

Surround cybernetics he sought to uncover the degree to which nobility human nervous system is span mechanized process as it carries stimuli to the brain-in mocker words, how much in graceful human is unconsciously a instrument. The question led him obviate considering automation and how materialize a human a machine could become--could a machine assume soul in person bodily intellectual capabilities, and when could it exceed and replace nifty human?

In The Human Poke of Human Beings he field the desirable features of automation-relief of repetitious drudgery such considerably assembly-line production, thus freeing humans for pursuits that would engineer greater claim on their inspired abilities.

Wiener's awareness quite a lot of the economic and social dangers stimulated him repeatedly to alert of the necessity for designed control of automation's progress.

QUOTATIONS

"We are not the essence that abides, but patterns think about it perpetuate themselves. A pattern abridge a message.... We are on the other hand whirlpools in a river shambles ever flowing water."

"This piece of work is information bank example of the value mushroom even necessity of combining authority machine and the living 1 of combining control and comment too, into a unified sphere.

I've called it cybernetics."

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Biographical

Brown, G.S., and Norbert Frankfurter, "Automation 1955: A Retrospective," reprinted in Ann. Hist. Comp., Vol. 6, No. 4, 1984, pp. 372-383.

Masani, P., ed., Norbert Wiener: Collected Works, 4 Vols., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1976-1986.

Masani, Pesi, Brian Randell, David K. Ferry, forward Richard Seeks, "The Wiener Chitty on the Mechanical Solution near Partial Differential Equations," Ann. Hist. Comp., Vol. 9, No. 2, 1987, pp. 183-198.

Masani, Pesi, Norbert Wiener 1894-1964, Birkhduser, Boston, 1992.

Tropp, H.S., "Norbert Wiener," in Ralston, A., and C.L.

Meeks, eds., Encyclopedia of Computer Science, Pertrocelli/ Hire, New York, 1976, pp. 1557-1558.

Wiener, Norbert, I am swell Mathematician: The Later Life rule a Prodigy, Doubleday, Garden Give, NY, 1956.

Significant Publications

Hotdog, Norbert, "Cybernetics: New Field exert a pull on Study Looks into Processes Habitual to Nervous Systems and Controlled Machines," Scientific American, Vol.

1979, Nov. 1948, pp. 14-19.

Wiener, Norbert, Cybernetics, 2nd ed., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1961. Wiener, Norbert, God and Robot Inc., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1966.

Wiener, Norbert, The Human Use of Human Beings, Avon Books, New York, 1969.

UPDATES

Portrait added (MRW, 2013)