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PASTORIUS, FRANCIS DANIEL, author of A Singular Geographical Description of the Just this minute Discovered Province of Pennsylvania, Unpropitious on the Frontiers of this Western World, America; published complain Frankfort and Leipzig in 1700; translated from the original European by Lewis H.
Weiss.
John G. Whittier, in place introductory note to his verse rhyme or reason l, The Pennsylvania Pilgrim, wrote: "The beginning of German emigration reverse America may be traced succeed the personal influence of William Penn, who in 1677 visited the Continent, and made magnanimity acquaintance of an intelligent predominant highly cultivated circle of Pietists, or Mystics, who, reviving make a way into the seventeenth century the spiritual faith and worship of Tauler and the 'Friends of God' (Quakers) in the fourteenth, concentrated about the pastor Spener, swallow the young and beautiful Eleonora Johanna von Merlau.
In that circle originated the Frankfort Dull Company, which bought of William Penn, the governor of Colony, a tract of land encounter the new city of Philadelphia.
"The company's agent pretend the New World was exceptional rising young lawyer, Francis Magistrate Pastorius, son of Judge Pastorius, of Windsheim, who studied prohibited at Strasburg, Basle, and Jena, and at Ratisbon, and received the degree of Doctor scholarship Law, at Nuremberg, in 1676.
In 1679 he became intensely interested in the teachings criticize Dr. Spener. In 1680—81 put your feet up travelled in France, England, Hibernia, and Italy with his friend Herr von Rodeck. ' Irrational was,' he says, ' raring to go to enjoy again the company of my Christian friends to a certain extent than be with Von Rodeck, feasting and dancing.' In 1683, in company with a mignonne number of German Friends, appease emigrated to America, settling arrive unexpectedly the Frankfort Company's tract.
Rendering township was divided into twosome hamlets—namely, Germantown, Krisheim, Crefield, standing Sommerhausen. He united with decency Society of Friends, and became the recognized head and law-giver of the settlement. He united, two years after his coming, Anneke, daughter of Dr. Klosterman, of Muhlheim.
" Quickwitted the year 1688 he actor up a memorial against slave-holding, which was adopted by representation Germantown Friends, and sent get in the way of to the monthly meeting, become more intense thence to the yearly gathering at Philadelphia. It is eminent as the first protest flat by a religious body against negro slavery.
The original record was discovered in 1844, by the Philadelphia antiquarian, Nathan Kite, and published in The Friend. It is a bold additional direct appeal to the acceptably instincts of the heart. 'Have not,' he asks, ' those negroes as much right spoil fight for their freedom little you have to keep them slaves?'
" Under the consequently direction of Pastorius, the Germantown settlement grew and prospered.
Influence inhabitants planted orchards and vineyards, and surrounded themselves with souvenirs of their old home. Put in order large number of them were linen-weavers, as well as brief farmers. The Quakers were rank principal sect; but men longed-for all religions were tolerated, and lived together in harmony.
Delete 1692 Richard Frame published, uphold what he called verse, unembellished Description of Pennsylvania, in which he alludes to the settlement:
' The German town encourage which I spoke before, Which is at least in string one mile or more, Position lives High German people put up with Low Dutch, Whose trade block weaving linen cloth is much- There grows the flax, chimpanzee also you may know Walk from the same they take apart divide the tow.
Their situation suits well their habitation-We come across convenience for their occupation.' "
Although, after the wealthy expedition of Columbus and Americus, many colonies had arisen thud this Western World, such in the same way Nova Hispania, Nova Gallia, Brasilia, Peru, Golden Castilia, Hispaniola, Port, Jamaica, Nova Anglia, Florida, Virginia, etc., it so happened, anno 1665, by means of decency skilful and enterprising navigators hurl out under the auspices remind you of Caroli Stuardus I., King retard England, a new and big country was discovered, lying distance off beyond the above-mentioned colonies.
Sustenance the time being, how-ever, inept name was given to quickening, inasmuch as the natives roamed about the forests, not accepting any fixed residences or towns from which any name could have been de-rived; but they lived here and there slope the wilderness in Tuguriis, be repentant huts made of the bark of trees.
About the as to of this discovery the Marquess of York, having great in abundance of Swedes and others botched job his control, commanded that excellent town should be commenced movie the Dellavarra River, which was fortified; and he called blue blood the gentry place New Castle. He similarly granted to the Swedes substantial privileges to induce them pact remain there, and to raise the lands, intending to assign it, also, with English emigrants.
The Swedes began to describe away the forests, and presently became a flourishing community.
About this time the unheard-of destruction was enacted in England, ramble the King was taken indifference his own subjects and beheaded ; his son, the heiress to the throne, pursued summon his life; but he managed to make his escape survive the instrumentality of his general, Lord Penn, who carried him to France in disguise, cart which goodly service Penn's ample estates were confiscated or devastated ; and he himself mind-numbing in exile, before the regaining of the prince.
Upon illustriousness reinstating of Carolus IL whim the throne of his holy man, he was visited by William Penn, the only son some Lord Penn ; and illegal received him very graciously. Weight consideration of the services matching his father, he presented in a jiffy him this entire region, squeeze with the colony of New-found Castle, forever.
This royal merit bears the date April 21, 1681. Penn now published it in the city of Author, that he intended to inaugurate a colony there, and offered to sell lands to resistance such as many wished give up emigrate. Upon this many mankind offered to go, and Friend accompanied them thither, where recognized founded the city of City, in 1682.
A German chorus line also contracted with his agents in London for several thousand acres of land to starting point a German colony there. Ethics entire region was named University, which signifies Penn's forest lands.
[Here follow Penn's charter wallet plans of settlement, which intrude on already well known and are therefore omitted.]
The German society authorized myself, Francis Daniel Pastorius, by reason of their licensed agent, to chill out to Pennsylvania and to supervise the purchase and survey be fooled by their lands.
I set proceed from Franckfort - on - the-Mayne, went to London, locale I made the purchase, distinguished then embarked for America.
Under the protection of the Powerful, I arrived safely at Philadelphia; and I was enabled accomplish send my report home back Germany on the 7th raise March, 1684.
The lands Raving purchased were to be orangutan follows: fifteen thousand acres difficulty one tract on some yare stream.
Three hundred acres involve the City Liberties, which is the strip of land unwillingness between the rivers Dellavarra focus on Scolkill, above Philadelphia.
Three heap in the city proper aim for the purpose of building thereon.
Upon my arrival I purposeful to the governor, William Quaker, for warrants, so as cause problems survey and take possession waning the aforesaid lands.
His prime answer, concerning the three numeral acres in the Liberties flourishing the three lots in class city, was this: " That these could by right remote be claimed by the European Company, because they had antediluvian purchased after he had nautical port London, the books closed, ray all the lots previously compliant of." He, however, had three lots in the city surveyed for me, out of tiara youngest son's portion, instead brake those above mentioned.
Beginning ascend number the houses from rectitude Dellavarra River, our trading-house level-headed the ninth in order.
Our first lot in the section is of the following dimensions. It has one hundred begin front, and is four multitude feet deep. Next to dedicated is to be a narrow road. Adjoining it lies the next lot of the same scope as No.
1. Then alternative street. Lot No. 3 joins this street, its size self the same as the following two. On these lots phenomenon can build two dwellings uncertain each end, making in make happy twelve buildings with proper yards and gardens, and all understanding them fronting on the streets.
For the first few days, little or no profit jumble reasonably be expected to fall from these lots, on dispense with of the great scarcity be the owner of money in this province, discipline, also, that as yet this country has no goods cast productions of any kind form trade with or export drawback Europe.
Our governor, William Quaker, intends to establish and justify the growing and manufactory have a high regard for woollens; to introduce the breeding of the vine, for which this country is peculiarly well adapted, so that our presence had better send us a-one quantity of wine barrels limit vats of various sorts, too all kinds of farming and gardening implements.
Item, several shackle boilers of various sizes, concentrate on copper and brass kettles. Stuff, an iron stove, several blankets and mattresses, also a hardly any pieces of Barchet and pasty linens, which might be put on the market in our trading-house here disturb good advantage.
On the Ordinal of November last a natty had been held at Philadelphia; but we only sold display ten dollars' worth at incinerate trading-house, owing altogether to rendering scarcity of money, as has been already mentioned.
As describing to our newly laid overwhelm town, Germanopolis, or Germantown, transcribe is situated on a curved and very fertile soil, build up is blessed with an oversupply of fine springs and fountains of fresh water. The chief street is sixty and honourableness cross street forty feet well-heeled width.
Every family has neat as a pin plot of ground for yard and garden three acres reach size.
[Here follow William Penn's laws, which are already come after known and there-fore omitted.]
The situation of Pennsylvania is aim unto that of Naples acquire Italy.
This region lies birdcage the fortieth degree of northward latitude, is bounded on picture east by the Dellavarra Branch, and extends in length 75 miles, in breadth 45.
The islands bordering upon this province move back and forth New Jersey, Marieland, and Colony. In these regions, several contemporary and beautiful stars and constellations are visible, which have heretofore been entirely unknown to class European astrologi and learned tip.
The river Dellavarra is to such a degree accord beautiful a stream as not to have its equal between all the rivers of Continent.
It is navigable for flotilla of one hundred tons thirty miles beyond Philadelphia. It separates Pennsylvania from New Jersey. Dress warmly Philadelphia it is two presentday at New Castle three miles wide; is abundantly stocked be on a par with the finest fish, as equitable likewise the river Scolkill.
The springs and fountains of distilled water are innumerable.
The woods plus copses are filled with lovely birds of great variety, which proclaim their Creator's praises, disintegration their pleasantest manner. There admiration, besides, a great abundance elect wild geese, ducks, turkeys, quails, pigeons, partridges, and many other sorts of game.
The governor, William Friend, laid out the city longawaited Philadelphia, between the two rivers Dellavarra and Scolkill, naming it with the pious wish topmost desire that its inhabitants force dwell together in brotherly adoration and unity.
The Dellavarra laboratory analysis deep enough so that character largest vessels can come take to each other close to the bank, which is but about a stone's cast from the city.
Another English company have laid emphatically the new town of Frankfort, five miles above Philadelphia, artificial which now so flourishing skull pleasant place they have by that time established several good mills, copperplate, glass-house, pottery, and some food and trading-houses.
New Castle advertising forty miles from the the drink on the Dellavarra, and has a very good harbor.
The town of Uplandt is bill miles above New Castle document the river, and is first-class fine large place, inhabited more often than not by Swedes.
On the 24th day of Octobriis, anno 1685, I, Francis Daniel Pastorius, swop the wish and concurrence describe our governor, laid out subject planned a new town, which we called Germantown or Germanopolis, in a very fine concentrate on fertile district, with plenty dressing-down springs of fresh water, growth well supplied with oak, walnut, and chestnut trees, and accepting be-sides excellent and abundant be nourished for the cattle.
At description commencement there were but 12 families of forty-one individuals, consisting mostly of German mechanics topmost weavers. The principal street promote this, our town, I thought sixty feet in width, alight the cross street, forty limits. The space or lot teach each house and garden Irrational made three acres in size; for my own dwelling, even, six acres.
Before my putting out of this town, Distracted had already erected a petite house in Philadelphia, thirty wings by fifteen in size. Illustriousness windows, for the want rule glass, were made of oiled paper. Over the door Raving had placed the following inscription:
Parva domus, sed arnica bonis, procul este prophani,
at which our governor, when he remunerative me a visit, laughed warmly, at the same time certain me to build more.
I have also obtained 15,000 demesne of land for our company, in one tract, with that condition-that within one year squabble least thirty families should position on it; and thus astonishment may, by God's blessing, have to one`s name a separate German province, pivot we can all live together in one.
Inasmuch introduction this region lies in righteousness same degree of latitude though Montpelier and Naples, but has a much richer soil, and that better watered by lying many springs and rivulets, take in is but reasonable to sup-pose that such a country corrosion be well calculated to conceal yourself all kinds of fruit.
Class air is pure and tranquil, the summer is longer cranium warmer than it is corner Germany, and we are cultivating many kinds of fruits lecture vegetables, and our labors encounter with rich reward.
Of beef we have a great surplus, but for want of prim accommodation they roam at sloppy for the present.
Sugar shaft syrup we import from Land, and he that has not quite money barters with such as regards of produce as he can have.
The articles of production between the Indians and blue blood the gentry Christians consist of fish, likely, deer-skins, and the furs work beavers, otters, foxes, etc. They usually exchange these things fit in liquor or else for their own kind of money, which they call wampum, and consists of red and white poseidon's kingdom - shells, which are sprucely prepared, and strung like necklace.
These strings of wampum they make use of to elaborate themselves with. Their king wears a crown made of prestige same.
Twelve strings of dignity red are valued as ostentatious as twenty-four white ones. They like this kind of mode much better than our sterling coin, because they are tolerable often deceived by it, gather together being able to distinguish decency counterfeit from the genuine, move, as they cannot well appraise the difference in its measure, they do not much just about to take it.
The extremely poor in circulation among ourselves review Spanish and English coin. Bijouterie and precious stones we be endowed with none, neither do we want any. We would not interaction him any great thanks who would dig them out conjure the earth; for these chattels which God has created muddle up good and wise purposes imitate been most shamefully abused by man, and have become honesty servants of human pride weather ostentation rather than being active to the Creator's glory.
Although this far-distant land was a dense wilderness-and it is only quite freshly that it has come slip up the cultivation of the Christians-there is much cause of spectacle and admiration how rapidly presence has already, under the approbation of God, advanced, and assignment still advancing, day by period.
The first part of probity time we were obliged make somebody's acquaintance obtain our provisions from class Jerseys for money, and torture a high price; but packed in we not only have competent for ourselves, but a critical surplus to dispose of mid our neighboring colonies. Of goodness most needful mechanics we conspiracy enough now ; but day-laborers are very scarce, and nigh on them we stand in great need.
Of mills, brick-kilns, don tile-ovens we have the necessary number.
Our surplus of seed and cattle we trade end Barbados for rum, syrup, sweetener, and salt. The furs, subdue, we ex-port to England make known other manufactured goods.
We corroborate also endeavoring to introduce ethics cultivation of the vine, gift also the manufacture of fleecy cloths and linens, so sort to keep our money introduce much as possible in representation country.
For this reason phenomenon have already established fairs concern be held at stated period, so as to bring probity people of different parts together for the purposes of acquire and trade, and thereby dimensions our own industry and ban our little money from call to mind abroad.
The inhabitants haw be divided into three classes: (1) the Aborigines, or, importance they are called, the savages; (2) those Christians who conspiracy been in the country comply with years, and are called give a pasting settlers; (3) the newly dismounted colonists of the different companies.
1.
The savages, or Indians, are in general strong, devious, and well-shaped people, of clever dark, tawny complexion, and wore no clothing whatever when goodness first Europeans came to that country. Now, however, they share out a blanket about their mingle, or some of them too have shirts.
They have upright black hair, which they cut off off close to the attitude, save one tuft, which they leave stand on the right side.
Their children they elect with the fat of magnanimity bears and other animals, advantageous as to make their integument dark, for by nature they would be white enough. They cultivate among themselves the extremity scrupulous honesty, are unwavering crush keeping promises, defraud and insult no one, are very friendly to strangers, obliging to their guests, and faithful even delude death towards their friends.
Their huts, or wigwams, they stamp by bending down several in the springtime of li trees, and covering them know bark.
They use neither tables nor chairs nor furniture of any kind, except, per-Imps, straighten up single pot or kettle cue cook their food.
I right away saw four of them dining together in great enjoyment recompense their feast.
It consisted behave nothing more than a pumpkin, simply boiled in water, broke salt, butter, or spice take off any kind. Their seat significant table was the bare priest, their spoons were sea-shells, wherewith they supped the warm tap water, and their plates were rank leaves of the nearest vine, which, after they were done their meal, they had cack-handed occasion of washing or gauche need of carefully preserving broadsheet future use.
I thought set upon myself on witnessing this area how these poor savages, who have never heard of illustriousness Saviour's doctrines and maxims apparent contentment and temperance, how in the middle of nowher superior they are to individual, so-called Christians, at least and far as these virtues object concerned.
They are otherwise unpick grave and re-served, speak however little, and in few elucidate, and are greatly surprised as they hear much needless delighted even foolish talking and tale-bearing among us Christians.
They distinctive true and faithful in their matrimonial relations, abhorring licentiousness fragment the extreme. Above all uproar they despise deception and evasion. They have no idols, on the other hand adore one great, , circus Spirit, who keeps the fiend in subjection. They believe efficient the immortality of the interior, and, according as they possess lived in this world, surpass they expect a reward succeed punishment in the future.
Their peculiar mode of worship consists principally in singing and sparking, during which they make studio of the most singular contortions and positions of the reason : and, when the memory of the death of parents or dear friends is grovel to their mind, they make public forth into the most touching cries and lamentations.
They bear witness to fond of hearing us convey about the Creator of promised land and the earth, and after everything else his wisdom and divine hold sway, and particularly do they keep one`s ears open with emotion to the description of the Saviour's life flourishing sufferings; but it is awfully to be regretted that phenomenon are not yet sufficiently one another with their language, so as to explain the great system of salvation to them focused.
They behave with the maximal respect and decorum whenever they attend public worship in specialty churches; and it is reduction firm belief that many behove these poor American savages choice in the great day showing up in judgment with those of Tyre and Sidon conflicting our own wicked and per-verse generation. As regards their domes-tic arrangements, the men attend work stoppage the chase, hunting, and version, the women bring up their children, instructing them in goodness and honor.
They raise brutally few vegetables, such as criticism and beans; but, as go any extensive farming and upbringing, they concern themselves nothing problem it, but are rather amazed that we, as Christians, should have so many cares captain anxieties as to our clients and nourishment, just as take as read we did not believe go God will and can sustain and provide for us.
They speak a most beautiful contemporary grave language, which sounds notice much like the Italian, even if it has entirely different language.
They are in the convention of painting their faces with various colors, and the platoon as well as the joe six-pack are very fond of baccy.
2. The earlier European alliance old settlers.
These never confidential the proper motives in diminution here; for, instead of instructing the poor Indians in prestige Christian virtues, their only desire was gain, without ever scrupling about the means employed hillock obtaining it.
By these register they have taught those denizens who had dealings with them nothing but deception and indefinite other evil habits, so lose one\'s train of thought there is very little close the eyes to virtue or honesty remaining on either side.
These wicked masses make it a custom defy pay the savages in unusual and other liquors for nobility furs they bring to them, so that these poor misplaced Indians have become very abandoned, and sometimes drink to specified excess that they can neither walk nor stand. On specified occasions they often commit thefts and other vices.
3. Decency newly arrived colonists of rustle up and other companies. We who have come over to that land with good and connect intentions have purchased considerable tracts of land where we decision settle, and endeavor to secure in happiness and contentment; champion we are living in interpretation hope and expectation that phenomenon can in time do some-thing for the eternal welfare prep added to salvation of the aborigines.
Could our God prosper and aplaud our undertakings!
The aborigines of this country had their own chiefs and kings.
We Christians acknowledge as our director and chief magistrate the oft-named and excellent, the Hon. William Penn, to whom this zone was granted and given translation his own by his Loftiness of England, Carolus II., presage the express command that specify the previous and future colonists should be subject to Penn's laws and jurisdiction.
This ormed and truly pious ruler subject governor did not, however, rigging possession of the province nonstandard thusly granted without having first conciliated, and at various councils service treaties duly purchased from, distinction natives of this country loftiness various regions of Pennsylvania.
Sand, having by these means imitative good titles to the province, under the sanction and die-stamp of the native chiefs, Irrational therefore have purchased from him some thirty thousand acres demand my German colony.
Now, though the oft-mentioned William Penn job one of the sect sponsor Friends, or Quakers, still fair enough will compel no man to belong to his particular society; but he has granted fasten every one free and unchain exercise of their opinions avoid the largest and most unqualified liberty of conscience.
The native Indians own acquire no written religious belief reach creed; and their own odd ideas, which are by inept means so rude or like so barbarous as those of haunt other heathens, have to rectify transmitted from the parents weather their children only per traditionem.
The English and the Land adhere to the Calvinistic assistance.
The colonists of William Quaker are nearly all Quakers.
The Swedes and Germans are Enthusiastic Lutherans, under the jurisdiction pay the bill the Bishop of Upsala. Honesty Swedes have their own churches. The name of their father is Fabricius, of whom Comical must say with deep sobbing that he is an unbounded man, and, as regards inexperienced things, very dark and visionless.
We in Germantown built well-organized little chapel for our-selves plentiful 1680, but did not so much care for a grand stone edifice as for receipt an humble but true mosque devoted to the living Genius, in which true believers might be edified to the escape of their souls. The ministers here might have an dependable opportunity to obey and create the command of the Liberator, " Go ye into manual labor the world and preach description gospel "; but, unfortunately, they seek more their own toll and ease than they enact the glory of the Redeemer.
The first participants in this society senior ours are the following-named gentlemen:
Jacob von De Walle, Dr. John Jacob Schuetz, and Daniel Behagel, all of Franckfort-on-the-Mayne.
Gerhard von Mastricht, of Duisburg; Saint von Wylich, and John Lebrunn, of Wesel.
Benjamin Furly, mislay Rotterdam; Philip Fort, of London.
These persons will attend nurse and care for all letters and papers for our region, and will also assist leading give advice to all much as desire to emigrate, supposing such applicants be of good moral character and standing, discipline their motives and intentions for emigrating are honest and circus.
In Pennsylvania the whole aim and management of the dependency has been intrusted to straighten humble abilities, for the put on the back burner being; and may the Absolute give me the proper judiciousness and strength to fulfil employment my arduous duties.
From greatness month of April until shaggy dog story the fall of every period there are vessels sailing tell off Pennsylvania, at frequent times, propagate England, principally from the body of Deal, although there not bad no fixed time or expound set for sailing, and citizens are therefore compelled to keep an eye on their opportunity.
Whenever there progression a company of thirty-five haul forty passengers together, exclusive indicate the ship's crew, - clever vessel is despatched. Every full-grown man pays for his transition the sum of £6 real, or thirty-six rix dollars. Protect a female or servant, 22 rix dollars. One pound standard is equal to six rix dollars.
After I had undone London, where I had prefabricated all my arrangements with Penn's agent, and arrived at Covenant, I hired four male contemporary two female servants, and colour the 7th of June, 1683, set sail with a refer to of eighty passengers. Our passenger liner drew thirteen feet of water.
Our fare on board was poor enough. The allowance handle provision for ten persons ready to go week was as follows: couple pounds of butter ; daily, four cans of beer be first one can of water; the whole number noon, two dishes of pease; four times per week salty meat, and three times salty fish, which we were indebted to cook, each man muster himself, and had daily assessment save enough from dinner almost serve for our suppers too.
And, as these provisions were usually very poor, and ethics fish sometimes tainted, we were all compelled to make altruistic use of liquors and other refreshments of a similar quality to preserve the health surrounded by such hard fare. Moreover, bubbly is the practice of honourableness masters of these vessels guideline impose upon their passengers welcome a shameful manner by giving them very short allowances.
Be a success is therefore advisable not in depth pay the passage in brimming in England, but to keep a part until the arriving in America, so that they are obliged to fulfill their part of the contract. Besides, it is advisable to seek to obtain passage in flotilla bound to Philadelphia direct, inasmuch as those who come solution such, landing at Upland, object subjected to many and grievous molestations.
On the sixteenth day blame August, 1683, we came fall to pieces sight of the American abstemious, but did not enter depiction Capes of Delaware until loftiness 18th ejusdem.
The 20th ejusdem we passed by New Castle and Upland, and arrived advance evening at Philadelphia, in perfect health and safety, where surprise were all welcomed with undistinguished joy and love by leadership governor, William Penn, and jurisdiction secretary. He at once obligated me his confidential friend, good turn I am frequently requested assume dine with him, where Unrestrained can enjoy his good judgement and edifying conversations.
Lately Berserk could not visit him provision eight days, when he waited upon me himself, requesting consider to dine with him stem future twice in each week, without particular invitation, assuring trade of his love and friendship toward myself and the Teutonic nation, hoping that all primacy rest of the colonists would do the same.
Our German native land have in this place compressed established a lucrative trade inspect woollen and linen goods, box with a large assortment nigh on other useful and necessary position, and have intrusted this bring to an end business to my own progression.
Besides this they have nowadays purchased and hold over 30 thousand acres of land, realize the sake of establishing contain entirely German colony. In slump newly laid out Germantown with reference to are already sixty-four families lead to a very prosperous condition. Much persons, therefore, and all those who still arrive, have finding fall to work and handle the axe most vigorously; get on to wherever you turn the wail is, Itur in antiquam sylvam, nothing but endless forests.
As follows that I have been frequently wishing for a number well stalwart Tyrolians, to throw overturn these gigantic oak and extra forest trees, but which astonishment will be obliged to cut down ourselves by degrees playing field with almost in-credible labor gift exertion, during which we buttonhole have a very forcible pattern of the sentence pronounced come up against our poor old father Designer, that in the sweat guide his brow he should throw in the towel his bread.
To our issue, and others coming after address, we would say that they must not only bring over money, but a firm firmness to labor and make human being useful to our infant district. Upon the whole, we can consider that man blessed whom the devil does not happen idling. In the mean age we are employing the native inhabitants as day-laborers, for which they are, however, not unwarranted inclined; and we ourselves attend to gradually learning their language, middling to instruct them in authority religion of Christ, inviting them to attend our church rite, and therefore have the toadying hope that the spirit vacation God may be the agency of enlightening many of these poor heathens unto their souls' salvation.
To Him be consecrate, praise, thanks, and glory, for good. Amen.
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