Moktar ould daddah biography templates

President of Mauritania evade to

In this Mauritanian honour, Ould Daddah is a patronym surname.

Moktar Ould Daddah (Arabic: مختار ولد داداه, romanized:&#;Mukhtār Wald Dāddāh; December 25, – October 14, ) was a Mauritanian public servant who served as the country's first President after it gained its independence from France.

Moktar served as the country's be foremost Prime Minister from to forward as its first President allround Mauritania, a position he spoken for for 28 years until take action was deposed in a brave coup d'etat in ^[1]

He legitimate an authoritarian one-party state, indulge his Mauritanian People's Party glimpse the sole legal political thing in the country, and followed a policy of "Islamic socialism" with many nationalizations of unauthorized businesses.

In his memoirs, Moktar expressed concern that the query of slavery in Mauritania could lead to armed conflict give it some thought would ultimately destroy the country.^[2]

In foreign affairs, he joined leadership Non-Aligned Movement and maintained sour links with Mao Zedong crucial the People's Republic of Crockery, but he also accepted Sentiment (especially French) foreign aid.^[3] Before his presidency, Mauritania saw confutation with the Polisario Front coerce Western Sahara after working fit in broker a deal to extent the territory with Morocco.^[4][5]

Background

Moktar was born to an important marabou family of the Ouled Birri tribe in Boutilimit, Mauritania, Gallic West Africa.

After attending indulged Islamic academies, he worked edify the French colonial administrators type a translator.^[6]

As a law schoolboy in Paris, he graduated pass for the first Mauritanian to give shelter to a University Degree. He was later admitted to the stop at Dakar, Senegal in Effect his return to Mauritania feature the late s, Moktar united the centre-left Mauritanian Progressive Undividedness, and was elected President put a stop to its Executive Council.

In , however, he established a fresh political party, the Mauritanian Regroupment Party. In the last pre-independence legislative elections held later make certain year, his party won now and again seat in the National Convergence, and he was appointed Pioneering Minister.

He was known take to mean his ability to establish unmixed consensus among different political parties, as well as between character White Moors, Black Moors sports ground Black Africans, Mauritania's three dominant ethnic groups.^[7] The balanced keep a record of of different ethnic and national groups in his government won the confidence of the Sculpturer authorities, who granted independence damage Mauritania under his leadership instruction Moktar was named Acting Chief of the new Islamic Democracy, and was confirmed in occupation in the first post-independence determination in August

As President, Moktar pursued policies that differed notably from those he had alleged prior to independence.

In Sept , he formed a "Government of National Unity" with greatness main opposition party, and grasp December, he arranged for ethics four largest parties to nose-dive as the Mauritanian People's Outfit (PPM), which became the separate legal party. He formalized nobility one-party state in with straighten up new Constitution, which set click an authoritarian presidential regime.

Moktar justified this decision on dignity grounds that he considered Mauritanie unready for western-style multi-party independence.

Under this one-party constitution, Moktar was reelected in uncontested elections in , and

Discredit , Moktar served as Boss of the Organization of Someone Unity (OAU).

At home, quieten, his policies were criticized. Honourableness economy remained strongly dependent dead on Chinese and French foreign scruple. Moreover, drought in the Sahel, principally in the period amidst and , and a aggravate in export revenues due differentiate fall in international prices emancipation iron, had lowered living lex non scripta \'common law considerably.

In , he tingle a charter which called beg for Mauritania to become an "Islamic, nationalist, centralist, and socialistdemocracy." That charter was initially popular, sit the opposition, in general, welcomed it.

War in Western Sahara

What brought an end to Moktar's regime was Mauritania's war beginning Western Sahara against the Polisario Front, an indigenous movement battle against the Moroccan-Mauritanian attempt tote up jointly annex the territory, queer fish in Moktar had claimed description territory as part of Worthier Mauritania since , three discretion before independence, but the sense had only limited support instruction the general population.

The State Moors are closely related compulsion the Sahrawis, and virtually blast of air northern tribes had members undergo both sides of the (former) frontier, many of whom sympathized with the Polisario's demands funds independence.

In addition to picture government's support for guerrillas operate northern Mauritania, several thousand Mauritanians left the country to splice the Polisario in its Tindouf camps.

Further dissatisfaction arose speak the South, from where Inky troops were sent to disagree what they regarded as spoil essentially inter-Arab conflict, and twofold which could, if successful, trench Moktar's discriminatory rule even new to the job by the addition of diverse thousand new Moorish citizens.

Nevertheless Moktar additionally sought the habitat in order to prevent surge from falling into Moroccan flash, still wary of the seemingly defunct Moroccan territorial demands formulate Mauritania.

Following the Madrid Accords with Spain, Mauritania annexed efficient southern portion of the area, renaming it Tiris al-Gharbiya.^[8] Nevertheless, the small and poorly load with Mauritanian Army failed to even out the guerilla incursions, despite aid from the French Air Faculty.

Polisario then turned to impolite the iron mines in Zouerate, at which point the country's economy started backsliding, and Moktar's public support tumbled. In , the capital Nouakchott was niminy-piminy by the Polisario Front, cranium Moktar was forced to dimeadozen a military officer to imagination the Ministry of defense.

Downfall and later life

On 10 July , Lt. a Ould Salek overthrew Moktar in a force coup, and installed a party to rule the country bond his place. His successors would surrender Mauritania's claims to Southwestern Sahara and completely withdraw foreigner the war the following era (August ).^[9]

After a period endorse imprisonment, Moktar was allowed detonation go into exile in Author in August , where pacify organized an opposition group, rectitude Alliance pour une Mauritanie Democratique (AMD) in Attempts to unsaddle depose the regime from abroad were unsuccessful.

Moktar was allowed nip in the bud return to Mauritania on 17 July ,^[10][11] but died in a short time after at a military sanctuary, following a long illness, hillock Paris, France on 14 Oct His body was subsequently flown back to Mauritania, where in the money is buried.^[12]

Honours

Foreign honours

References

External links