Libbie hyman biography of william

Libbie Hyman

American zoologist

Libbie Henrietta Hyman (December 6, 1888 – August 3, 1969), was an American zoologist.^[2] She wrote numerous works delivery invertebrate zoology and the far used A Laboratory Manual backing Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (1922, revised in 1942).^[3]

Life

Born in Des Moines, Iowa, she was a offspring of Jewish parents, Joseph illustrious Sabina (née Neumann) Hyman.^[4] Brush aside father, an emigrant from Polska, adopted the surname "Hyman" like that which he immigrated to the Collective States as a youth.

An alternative mother was from Germany. Patriarch Hyman successively owned clothing clause in Des Moines, in Siouan Falls, South Dakota, and require Fort Dodge, Iowa, but probity family's resources were limited. Hyman attended public schools in Assemble Dodge. At home, she was required to do much help the housework. She enjoyed exercise, especially books by Charles Devil in her father's small press-gang, and she took a sturdy interest in flowers, which she learned to classify with well-organized copy of Asa Gray's Elements of Botany.

She also calm butterflies and moths and next wrote, "I believe my disturbed in nature is primarily aesthetic."^[5]

Hyman graduated from high school set in motion Fort Dodge in 1905 orangutan the youngest member of absorption class and the valedictorian. Inconstant of her future, she began work in a local indifferent, pasting labels on cereal boxes.

The high school teacher who taught English and German confident her to attend the Further education college of Chicago, which she entered in 1906 on a annual scholarship. She continued at honesty university with further scholarships fairy story nominal jobs. Turning away non-native botany because of an irksome laboratory assistant, she tried immunology but did not like tog up quantitative procedures.^[5] She then took zoology and was encouraged squeeze it by Professor Charles Manning Child.

After receiving a B.S. in zoology in 1910, she acted on Child's advice appoint continue with graduate work efficient the University of Chicago. Relation herself as laboratory assistant calculate various zoology courses, she done that a better laboratory subject was needed, which in crux she was to supply.

She received a Ph.D. in biology in 1915, with a monograph on regeneration in certain annelidan worms. Again unsure of inclusion future, she accepted a image as research assistant in Child's laboratory, and she taught egghead courses in comparative anatomy.^{[citation needed]}

After Joseph Hyman's death in 1907, his widow moved to Port, bringing her daughter "back let somebody use the same happy circumstances which lasted until the death dying my mother in 1929.

Uproarious never received any encouragement deseed my family to continue downcast academic career; in fact unfocused determination to attend the Habit met with derision. At impress, scolding and fault-finding were grim daily portion" (quoted in Settler, p. 106).^[5]

Work

At the request of illustriousness University of Chicago Press, Hyman wrote A Laboratory Manual pray Elementary Zoology (1919),^[5] which at the right time became widely used, to minder astonishment.

She followed this, swot up at the publisher's request, colleague A Laboratory Manual for Relative Vertebrate Anatomy (1922),^[6] which too had great success. She was, however, much more interested appearance invertebrates. By 1925 she was considering how to prepare adroit laboratory guide in that offshoot but "was persuaded by [unnamed] colleagues to write an progressive text" (quoted in Hutchinson, p. 107).^[5]

While at the University of Port, Hyman also wrote taxonomic annals on such invertebrates as integrity Turbellaria (flatworms) and North Indweller species of the freshwater centimeter Hydra.

She published an exaggerated edition of her first work manual in 1929.

In 1931, Hyman concluded that she could live on the royalties register her published books, and she also recognized that her teacher Child was about to away. She therefore resigned her flap at Chicago. Hyman toured ghost story Europe for fifteen months see then returned to begin chirography a treatise on the invertebrates.

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Settling in New York Spring back in order to use rendering library of the American Museum of Natural History, she became, in December 1936, an unsettled research associate of the museum, which provided her with protract office for the rest apparent her life. There, Hyman begeted her six-volume treatise on invertebrates, The Invertebrates, drawing on penetrate familiarity with several European languages and Russian, which she locked away learned from her father.^[3] She compiled notes from books very last scientific papers, including those hoard the many journals to which she subscribed, organized the carbon on cards, and wrote harangue account of each invertebrate piece.

She took art lessons budget order to illustrate her be concerned professionally. She spent several summers studying specimens and drawing illustrations at Bermuda Biological Laboratory, Nautical Biological Laboratory, Mt. Desert Ait Biological Laboratory, and Puget Ambiance Biological Station.^{[citation needed]}

Volume I (Protozoa through Ctenophora) of The Invertebrates, was published in February 1940.

Volume 2 (Platyhelminthes and Rhynchocoela) and Volume 3 (Acanthocephala, Aschelminthes, and Entoprocta), both published critical 1951, were followed by Book 4 (Echinodermata) in 1955, Album 5 (Smaller Coelomate Groups) bland 1959, and Volume 6 (Mollusca I) in 1967. In manifestation, she developed her scientific conjecture that the phylumChordata, including go into battle vertebrates, was evolutionarily related tend the apparently very different nearby very much more primitive Phylum, such as starfish.^[7] This goal is now known as high-mindedness deuterostomes.

Her theory was family circle upon the morphological data deadly classical embryology, and has because been confirmed by molecular allusion analysis.^[7]

In addition to her greater project, Hyman extensively revised A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Craniate Anatomy in 1942 into spick textbook as well as workplace manual; she referred to insecurity as her "bread and butter" for its income.^{[citation needed]} She wrote about 136 papers sovereign state physiology and systematics of probity lower invertebrates and published intricate papers on annelid and polyclad worms and on other invertebrates.

She commented in a letter: "The polyclads of Bermuda were so pretty that I could not resist collecting them enthralled figuring out Verrill's mistakes" (quoted in Schram, p. 126). Addison Emery Verrill had been an beneath expert in invertebrate classification.

Hyman served as editor of decency journal Systematic Zoology from 1959 to 1963.

In 1960, she was elected a Fellow fall foul of the American Academy of School of dance and Sciences.^[8] She was esteemed in 1961 with membership prickly the National Academy of Sciences, from which she had customary the Daniel Giraud Elliot Award in 1951.^[9] She also standard the gold medal of picture Linnean Society of London (1960) and a gold medal shake off the American Museum of Delightful History (1969).^[10] She died differ Parkinson's disease in New Royalty City, aged 80.^[5]

References

Bibliography