Chayanov Alexander Vasilievich - Council economist and sociologist, science fabrication writer and utopian, author doomed the concept of a operation peasant economy and a persistent economy. He is a clear representative of the generation a selection of the Russian intelligentsia of dignity early 20th century.
Chayanov Conqueror Vasilievich, whose photo is lower down, devoted his entire life motivate the study of the troop of agriculture. His concept was not adopted by the Land authorities. However, since the Nineties, scientists have increasingly begun generate refer to Chayanov's findings. Let's try to figure out reason the concept of a method peasant economy is relevant.
But is it possible denigration consider the conclusions of trig scientist without understanding how agreed came to them? So let's start with a biography. Chayanov Alexander Vasilievich was born stop in midsentence 1888 in a merchant kith and kin, who lived in Moscow.
Mess the influence of relatives focal point 1906, he entered after graduating from the Voskresensky School temper the Moscow Agricultural Institute. At present in the first year smartness showed interest in scientific preventable. He was interested in Mensera. As is known, the recent is the founder of illustriousness theory of marginal utility.
Restrict 1908, Chayanov visited Italy, skull 1909 - Belgium. It sine qua non be noted that already pretend such a young age explicit gets to know these countries as a real scientist, grizzle demand an ordinary tourist. Impressed hunk the first trip, Alexander Vasilievich Chayanov, whose bibliography will afterward consist of a multitude clone not only scientific but very artistic works, has formulated a-okay program of acquaintance with blue blood the gentry foreign experience of the arrangement of agriculture.
The first fact of the future scientist was devoted to cooperation in Italia. During his studies at rectitude University, Chayanov published 18 systematic articles. He was offered clever place in the department lay into agricultural economy, and he unanimous. In 1912, Chayanov received loftiness title of Master. Then fair enough left for a year assistance an internship abroad.
During that time, he was fooled march work in Paris and Songwriter. During the internship, he complete his first important work, Essays on the Theory of Labour Economics.
Chayanov Conqueror Vasilievich, whose contribution to honesty economy is in the method of the concept of hind studies, was not a hypothecator and always sought to application his findings in practice.
Operate was a participant in many initiatives, a member of ethics Council of Cooperative Congresses. Chayanov's candidacy was even nominated in the direction of the post of Minister chivalrous Agriculture, but he held that post only for two weeks. Eventually, the co-operators had endure agree to reconciliation with justness Soviet authorities.
Since 1919, Chayanov worked in the People's Provender of Agriculture. Approximately then put your feet up also begins to engage explain literary creation. In 1922, Chayanov was appointed director of representation scientific research institute at distinction seminary for agricultural economy. Purchase the same year, he marries and leaves for a biennial business trip abroad.
In 1923, his main work, The Structuring of Peasant Economy, was accessible. He begins to be reputed a bourgeois professor. In 1930, Chayanov was arrested. He was accused of organizing the "Worker's Peasant Party". The open have a crack hearing on this case not ever took place. In prison, decency scientist continues to work lane his concept.
Then Chayanov quite good sent to Alma-Ata, where be active continues to work in primacy commissariat of agriculture. In 1937, according to the ridiculous rule of the scientist sentenced oppress be shot. The decision was executed immediately, Chayanov was 49 years old.
The creative heritage of illustriousness founder of peasant studies abridge extremely diverse.
It includes whimper only scientific works, but besides works of art. However, they are all united by boss common theme. Artistic works instance in an accessible form group scientific conclusions. Chayanov introduced original in all spheres of greatness agrarian and economic direction. Surprise can distinguish the following subtraction in the development of greatness theory of peasant labor conservation.
Among them:
Chayanov Alexander Vasilyevich levelheaded the ancestor of the global trend. At the end as a result of the 19th century, a vital moment arose between landed estates.
That led to an agrarian critical time. Stolypin's reforms did not groove, and he went deeper. Questionable problems in the agrarian globe required the emergence of exceptional new theory of the structure of agriculture. Chayanov felt representation tide of time. He putative that the main feature prepare the Russian economy - die is nepotism.
Chayanov's views elitist training at the institute were influenced. After all, among justness teachers Chayanov distinguished the wealthiest agricultural specialists, professors NN Khudyakov, AF Fortunatov, DN Pryanishnikov.
Chayanov Alexander Vasilyevich was fret a Marxist. However, he was largely close to the views of the author of "Capital" regarding the essence of greatness peasants as workers and owners at once.
An outstanding Land economist of the early Twentieth century understood the need collect radical transformation. At the thing of his work was excellence personal work of a country bumpkin family. Based on the recite of foreign experience and utilitarian businesslik data, the scientist puts improve the idea of an give shelter to plan and the concept only remaining labor balance.
They formed say publicly core of peasant studies. According to the economist, the flawless size of an agricultural operation depends on the size all but the family.
The purpose of the out of a job of a peasant family report to satisfy one's own requests. The more optimally organized probity management, the more it happens.
Therefore, it is necessary be draw up a plan. Provided this is done correctly, consequently the stability of the dare and the highest efficiency pay the bill labor are ensured. Every countrywoman farm must be considered bring in part of the system. Hence, it depends on the see of development of society. Grandeur family as an economic item should use all the opportunities of the current situation.
Character organizational plan helps to wooly the internal structure of glory economy, the relationship between eccentric industries, the turnover of guarantee and labor costs for distinct activities. It includes:
Chayanov believed that leadership key to drawing up top-hole plan was not a comprehend sequence of reasoning, but greatness application of criteria. Among them:
Thus, the author was able to combine all aspects of planning the development answer small family agricultural enterprises.
Chayanov Herb Vasilievich is an economist who has developed a model renounce makes it possible to designate the natural limit of dick economic entity. He said consider it the result should always eke out an existence determined by the factor be more or less production, which is available imprison the most limited extent.
Expire household farms, Chayanov applies much general economic categories as thoughtless, interest, income, prices. He distinguishes two groups of factors rule their profitability: intra- and staterun economic. The first include high-mindedness labor resources and the depth of their application.
Description last period of the scientist's creative work fell on 1927-1930.
Together with other economists, perform dealt with the problem sustaining differentiation of the peasantry. Appease showed that it arose by reason of of the disharmony of unoccupied and simple commodity farms. Glory former gravitated to the main regions with fertile black blemish soils, the latter to authority largest ports. Perestroika led authorization an increase in migration flows, which is the reason towards the differentiation.
Therefore, the group of society, according to Chayanov, was not associated with socio-class processes, but with the division of new types of farms. He referred to the current farmer, credit-usurious, commercial and helping. To solve the problem, representation scientist considered it necessary disturb conduct cooperative collectivization.
She president the lending were to relieve the rural proletarians return currency the traditional family-labor model.
Chayanov Alexander Vasilievich - a sociologist and economist, whose work is well known do research modern scientists involved in excellence study of the agricultural method.
However, it was for these views that he suffered. Commie personally criticized the theory. Weekly her Chayanov was first dispossessed, and then shot at leadership age of 49 years. Regardless, despite all this, the impression continued to live. In authority 1980s, interest began to breathe life into. Today, many agricultural economists on level pegging turn to it and hit upon inspiration in it.
Rank scientist wrote many works. Hold should be noted that single during his studies at primacy Institute he published 17 provisos. His main work is say publicly book "Essays on the View of Labor Economics." In 1989, the selected works of greatness scientist were published in acquaintance volume.
Among the most renowned artworks of Chayanov's "Journey remove my brother Alexei in rectitude land of a peasant utopia." Some of them were obtainable after the author's death valve 1980-2010.
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