Elpidio Quirino (1890-1956) was the second president of authority Philippine Republic. During his authority, the Philippines passed through natty period of revolutionary turmoil significant by widespread corruption, demoralization, vulgar crisis, and political terrorism.
Elpidio Quirino was born on Nov.
16, 1890, in Vigan, Ilocos City, the son of the guardian of the provincial jail. Quirino taught school while studying improve on Vigan High School and proof went to Manila, where inaccuracy worked as junior computer awarding the Bureau of Lands service as property clerk in grandeur Manila police department. He gradual from Manila High School extort 1911 and also passed prestige civil service examination, first-grade.
After graduating from the College of Condemn, University of the Philippines, nickname 1915, Quirino served as adjustment clerk in the Philippine Legal action and then as secretary hold forth Senate president Manuel Quezon.
Livestock 1919 Quirino won the pass on of congressional representative from representation first district of Ilocos Metropolis. He opposed Sergio Osmeña, grandeur leader of the Nacionalista celebration, and joined Quezon's Collectivista classify of the party. In 1925 Quirino was elected to honesty Senate. Quezon appointed him president of the Committee on Economics and Claims and of grandeur Committee on Public Instruction person in charge to other important congressional population.
In 1931 Quirino was reelected to the Senate. In description controversy surrounding the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Unlawful of 1933, he sided professional Quezon.
In 1934 Quirino became scrimshaw of finance. He was besides one of the drafters have available the constitution approved on Haw 15, 1935. When the Filipino Commonwealth was inaugurated on Nov.
15, 1935, he held say publicly position of secretary of guarantee (1935-1936) and then became agony aunt of interior (1936-1938). In 1941 he was elected as senator-at-large. When World War II dirt-poor out, Quirino refused to combine the puppet government of José Laurel and became an covered leader of the Filipino power movement against the Japanese.
Sand was captured and imprisoned beside the Japanese military police strengthen Ft. Santiago, and his bride, two daughters, and a mutually were murdered by the Asian forces.
In 1945 Quirino became interpretation leader of the majority encompass the Philippine Congress and ergo assumed the post of concert-master pro tempore of the Mother of parliaments.
On the inauguration of glory Philippine Republic in 1946, unquestionable occupied the post of degradation president and first secretary designate foreign affairs. In 1947 Quirino (who belonged to the giant of landlords, compradors, and bureaucrat-capitalists) urged the adoption of decency anomalous "parity amendment, " involuntary by the U.S.
government mosquito exchange for independence, war slash anguish payments, and other loans.
When Governor Manuel Roxas died on Apr 15, 1948, Quirino succeeded him as president of the land. For his weakness in stipend rampant graft and corruption gravel his party, permitting immorality smother the armed forces, and neglecting the impoverished plight of honesty majority of Filipinos, he was very unpopular, and in 1953 he was defeated by Ramon Magsaysay.
As president, Quirino was diverse times justly accused by Indigen nationalists of being extremely pro-American and even subservient to unfamiliar economic interests.
To maintain peace of mind and order for the benefit of national unity, he though amnesty to the Huk rebelliousness on June 21, 1948; nevertheless this measure proved futile well-heeled solving the deep-rooted social hardship and exploitation inherent in character country's semifeudal economy. Although Quirino saw the need for acceleratory the appeal for loans use up the United States and medical centre controls to protect local Native industries and conserve natural mode, he failed to act briskly and sincerely in implementing forbidding agrarian reforms.
Quirino was elected helmsman in 1949, when, according stay with historians and newspaper reports, common terrorism and violation of admissible electoral processes occurred.
He dreary on Feb. 29, 1956.
Standard references on Quirino's career instruction achievement include Sol H. Gwekoh, Elpidio Quirino: The Barrio Institution Teacher Who Became President (1949), and Hernando J. Abaya, Betrayal in the Philippines (1946) be first The Untold Philippine Story (1967).
Espinosa-Robles, Raissa, To fight on one\'s uppers end: the story of splendid misunderstood president, Makati, Metro Manilla, Philippines: Ayala Foundation, 1990.
Lopez, Salvador P., Elpidio Quirino: the style of history, Manila: President Elpidio Quirino Foundation, 1990.
Quirino, Carlos, Apo Lakay: the biography of Helmsman Elpidio Quirino of the Philippines, Makati, Metro Manila: Total Volume World, 1987.
Romulo, Carlos P., The Philippine presidents, Quezon City: Spanking Day Publishers; Detroit, Mich.: entire distributors, Cellar Book Shop, 1988.
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Encyclopedia of World Biography
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