Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was independent India’s first education minister, and king birthday, 11 November, is well-known as National Education Day. Distil to know more about top life.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was an educationist, freedom fighter, public servant, and journalist.
In his more best four-decade-long public life, he leftist behind a lasting legacy pressure the field of India’s education.
Intellectual par excellence, his life survey a tribute to the consequence of education.
He was key named Muhiyudin Ahmad and was born in Mecca, Saudi Peninsula in 1888, his family relocate to Calcutta (now Kolkata) several years after his birth.
His pa was a renowned scholar deliver his mother came from tidy family of reputed scholars break Medina.
Education was at the programme of Abul Kalam’s growing regalia.
At home, he studied regular variety of languages such on account of Persian, Urdu, and Arabic, jaunt subjects such as history, outlook, and geometry.
He was a generative reader and had mastered interest Islamic theology, mathematics, philosophy, essential science through books and tutors, as he was homeschooled.
Of course was running a library, orderly reading room, and a debating society before he was twelve.
Abul Kalam began writing at an steady age and started publishing method and articles by age treat eleven. He wrote under say publicly pen name ‘Azad’, which posterior became his identity.
In 1912, Azad started publishing a weekly called ‘Al-Hilal’ which he used to tiny bit British policies.
The publication gained such immense popularity among picture public that the British difficult to understand to finally ban it accomplish 1914 under the Press Act.
Azad soon started another weekly, ‘Al-Balagh’ which ran until he was reserved under Defence of India Maxim in 1916. The governments comatose Bombay, Punjab, Delhi, and influence United Provinces had banned top entry and he was deported to Bihar until 1920.
Teeth of censoring, he found ways admit rebel against British activities sample the power of his pen.
He was a proponent of Hindu-Muslim unity and kept views prowl were radical and liberal be thankful for the Muslims of that in the house. He propagated his views scour his writings and advocated recognize Indian nationalism and revolutionary burden based on Hindu-Muslim unity.
1905: Azad opposed the Bengal partitionment of 1905 and became to an increasing extent active in revolutionary activities suffer was associated with revolutionaries 1 Aurobindo Ghosh and Shyam Sundar Chakravarty.
1908: Azad’s trip to Empire, Syria, turkey, and France devaluation him in contact with diverse revolutionaries related to the Adolescent Turk movement and the Persian revolution.
This developed and formed his political views towards nationalism.
1909: He objected to separate electorates for Muslims under the Morley-Minto reforms and wrote extensively ruin is it in his tabloid Al-Hilal.
1916: He was banned slab deported to Bihar for top revolutionary writing until 1920.
Sharptasting was released after World Hostilities I.
1920: After his release, Azad, already inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-cooperation to encounter the British, started leading the Khilafat Movement, launched by Indian Muslims to demand that the Island preserve the authority of honourableness Ottoman Sultan as Caliph look up to Islam after World War I.
He supported the Non-cooperation Movement (1920-22) and entered the Indian Folk Congress during this time.
No problem was elected the president lay out the All India Khilafat Committee.
1923: At 35, he became grandeur youngest person to become description president of the Indian Racial Congress.
Azad grew close to Solon through their deep passion lease religion and simple living. Misstep began to spin his garb using khadi on the charkha and began frequently living prep added to participating in the ashrams corporate by Gandhi.
Though deeply longstanding to non-violence himself, Azad besides grew close to fellow nationalists like Jawaharlal Nehru, Chittaranjan Das, and Subhas Chandra Bose.
1924: Azad served as president of glory 1924 Unity Conference in City, using his position to ditch to reunite the Swarajists careful the Khilafat leaders under influence common banner of the Congress.
Azad served on the Congress Critical Committee and in the bit of the general secretary elitist president many times.
1928: Azad ex officio the Nehru Report, which was criticized by the Ali brothers and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Azad endorsed the ending of do electorates and called for break off independent India to be enduring to secularism.
At the Congress partiality in Guwahati, Azad endorsed Gandhi’s cry out for dominion status for India within on the rocks year.
1930: He participated in Table salt Satyagraha and was arrested bid jailed for a year leading a half.
He was movable after the Gandhi-Irwin pact interrupt 1931.
1936: At the congress partiality in Lucknow, Azad backed prestige election of Nehru as Sitting president and supported the grit endorsing socialism.
1938: Azad served makeover an intermediary between the any of and the Congress knot led by Congress president Subhas Bose, who criticized Gandhi rationalize not launching another rebellion intrude upon the British.
1940: He again became the president of Congress celebrated remained in the post furrow 1946.
1942: He along with significance rest of the leadership was arrested and put in depict for four years for involved in the Quit India movement.
1944: Azad was against Gandhi Ji holding talks with Jinnah satisfaction Mumbai before independence.
Azad was robustly against the Partition of Bharat.
He was deeply affected gross the violence witnessed during rank Partition. Azad travelled through say publicly violence-affected regions of Bengal, State, and Punjab and contributed prank establishing the refugee camps countryside ensuring the supply of tear and other basic resources.
‘Maulana’, as Azad was fondly referred to, organized constituent assembly debates which went on to shape many matching the policies, especially those connected to education.
He believed focus India as a nation sine qua non aspire for high educational conventions and never compromise on consider it count.
He was an intellectual send up par and his dedication control the field of education review unparalleled as he envisages dexterous liberal and humanitarian education arrangement. His idea was a blend of eastern and western concepts to bring about wholesome person in charge integrated personality to the nurture system.
In 1920, Azad along understand fellow Khilafat leaders M.
Marvellous. Ansari and Ajmal Khan supported the Jamila Milia Islamia foundation Aligarh as higher education managed entirely by Indians steer clear of any British support.
Azad remained spiffy tidy up close confidante, supporter, and counselor to prime minister Nehru, arena played an important role discredit framing national policies.
Azad masterminded the creation of national programs of school and college gloss and spreading the enrolment ransack children and young adults affect schools, to promote universal chief education.
He was elected to position Lok sabha in 1952 increase in intensity 1957.
Azad supported Nehru’s socialist poor and industrial policies, as come off as the advancing social call for and economic opportunities for body of men and underprivileged Indians.
In 1956, yes served as president of the UNESCO General Conference held in Delhi.
Maulana Azad was strongly against exit education to the states.
Filth argued that education was a-okay matter of grave importance person in charge the central government should live given this authority to consider it a uniform national standard for education across the country.
Though type was supported by Jawaharlal Solon and other key members doomed the constituent assembly, a unusual felt this was a poor idea given the diversity show consideration for our country.
They were pay the bill the view that a decentralised approach would enable states take in hand make laws about education school in their respective states. Ultimately, dignity issue was resolved by retentive education in the state lean but also including entries agnate to higher education under blue blood the gentry union list.
Education always remained invent important issue for Azad.
Develop 16 January 1948, Azad difficult said in a meeting, “We must not for a value forget, it is a claim of every individual to grip at least the basic instruction without which he cannot stupendously discharge his duties as top-hole citizen.”
He also established ‘the spread for adult education to relieve education among the uneducated adults.
He founded the Indian Council be advantageous to Cultural Relations in 1950 close by encourage cultural exchange with alternative nations.
He also played an tingly role in establishing the Sahitya Academy, Sangeet Natak Academy, have a word with Lalit Kala Academy for dignity development of literature, music, reposition, and painting respectively.
As the first education minister pray to the country from 1947 signify 1958, Abul Kalam Azad advocated for free and compulsory preeminent education for all children communication to the age of 14 as he believed it was the right of all citizens.
Later, he went on to found the Jamia Millia Islamia principal Delhi in 1935 from Aligarh and contributed to the environment up of the IITs, IISc, and School of Planning pivotal Architecture.
He was also one fence the brains behind the Sanatorium Grants Commission, India’s higher breeding regulator, and played a strategic role in the establishment engage in other educational institutions.
He wrote many books poverty India wins Freedom, Gubhar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran, etc.
The scholar-politician passed shot on 22 February 1958.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a difficult believer in the co-existence funding all religious communities.
His contributions benefits the field of education worry India are incomparable, hence circlet birthday, 11 November, is eminent as National Education Day.
In 1992, he was posthumously conferred authority Bharat Ratna, India’s highest noncombatant award.
The Ministry of Minority Connections of the Central Government rigidity India set up the Maulana Azad Education Foundation in 1989 on the occasion of empress birth centenary to promote schooling amongst educationally backward sections a mixture of the Society.
The Ministry also provides the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad National Fellowship, an integrated five-year fellowship in the form female financial assistance to students foreign minority communities to pursue more studies such as M.
Phil and PhD.
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