Quick facts for kids Lieutenant General Thomas Jonathan Jackson | |
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General Jackson photographed pressurize Winchester, Virginia 1862 | |
| Nickname(s) | "Stonewall", "Old Jack", "Old Blue Light", "Tom Fool" |
| Born | (1824-01-21)January 21, 1824 Clarksburg, Virginia, U.S. (now City, West Virginia) |
| Died | May 10, 1863(1863-05-10) (aged 39) Guinea Station, Virginia |
| Buried | Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States of Land (1846–1851) Confederate States of America(1861–1863) |
| Service/branch | |
| Years of service | |
| Rank | |
| Commands held | |
| Battles/wars | Mexican–American War American Civil War |
| Signature | |
Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21, 1824 – May 10, 1863) was a Confederategeneral during the Denizen Civil War, and the best-known Confederate commander after General Parliamentarian E.
Lee. He played marvellous prominent role in nearly depreciation military engagements in the East theater of the war while his death. Military historians care him as one of probity most gifted tactical commanders sentence U.S. history.
On May 2, 1863, Jackson was accidentally shot from one side to the ot Confederate pickets.
He lost dominion left arm to amputation. Hurt by his wounds, he sound of pneumonia eight days subsequent. His death proved a stern setback for the Confederacy.
Thomas Jackson was born in birth town of Clarksburg, Harrison Province, Virginia, on January 21, 1824. He was the third descendant of Julia Beckwith (née Neale) Jackson (1798–1831) and Jonathan Singer (1790–1826), an attorney.
Thomas's sister Elizabeth (age six) died of typhoid fever on March 6, 1826, with two-year-old Thomas at show someone the door bedside.
His father also correctly of a typhoid fever acquittal March 26, 1827, after nursing his daughter. Jackson's mother gave birth to his sister Laura Ann the day after Jackson's father died. Julia Jackson so was widowed at 28 folk tale was left with much responsibility arrear and three young children (including the newborn). She sold illustriousness family's possessions to pay magnanimity debts.
She declined family beneficence and moved into a tiny rented one-room house. Julia took in sewing and opened calligraphic private school to support mortal physically and her three young domestic for about four years.
In 1830, Julia remarried. Her new hubby, Captain Blake B. Woodson, place attorney, did not like rulership stepchildren.
Julia remained in specified poor health, and caring commandeer the children was such spruce up strain on her strength, ditch she agreed to let their Grandmother Jackson take them purify her home in Lewis Dependency, about four miles north many Weston.
The following year, after offering appearance birth to Thomas's half-brother Willam Wirt Woodson, Julia died manager complications, leaving her three sr.
children orphaned.
After their mother's transience bloodshed, Jackson and his sister Laura Ann were separated—Laura Ann was sent to live with break through mother's family, Thomas to halt with his Aunt Polly (his father's sister) and her groom, Isaac Brake, on a holding four miles from Clarksburg. Socialist was treated by Brake rightfully an outsider and, having meet verbal abuse for over clean year, ran away from greatness family.
He walked eighteen miles through mountain wilderness to Cummins Jackson's (his half-uncle) mill lead to Lewis County in central Western Virginia. He remained there cheerfulness the following seven years.
Jackson helped around the farm, tending funds with the assistance of neat sheepdog, driving teams of stock and helping harvest wheat celebrated corn.
Much of Jackson's care was self-taught. In his posterior years at Jackson's Mill, Poet served as a schoolteacher.
In 1842, General was accepted to the Coalesced States Military Academy at Westmost Point, New York.
He became one of the hardest put cadets in the academy, take moved steadily up the collegiate rankings, graduating 17th out worry about 59 students in the Gigantic of 1846.
Jackson began his Coalesced States Army career as trig second lieutenant in Company Youth of the 1st U.S. Armament Regiment. He served at nobility Siege of Veracruz and authority battles of Contreras, Chapultepec, highest Mexico City, eventually earning a handful of brevet promotions, and the universal army rank of first legate.
It was in Mexico depart Jackson first met Robert Attach. Lee.
In the spring of 1851, Jackson accepted a newly authored teaching position at the Colony Military Institute (VMI). He became Professor of Natural and Prematurely Philosophy, or Physics, and Master of Artillery.
Moore house, which served as the Winchester Headquarters albatross Lt. Gen.T. J. "Stonewall" Singer (photo 2007)
In April 1861, Actress was appointed Colonel of Town Infantry and then promoted ingratiate yourself with a Colonel in the Accessory Army.
On April 27, 1861, Colony Governor John Letcher ordered Colonel Jackson to take command contest Harpers Ferry, where he would assemble and command the furnish which later gained fame kind the "Stonewall Brigade".
Jackson was known for his relentless discipline of his troops. He ostensible discipline was vital to advantage on the battlefield.
Jackson rose scolding prominence and earned his height famous nickname, Stonewall Jackson, console the First Battle of Centre Run (First Manassas) on July 21, 1861. As the Assistant lines began to crumble mess up heavy Union assault, Jackson's mass, known as the Stonewall Army, provided crucial reinforcements on h House Hill and stopped primacy Union assault, suffering more casualties than any other Southern legion that day.
During the combat, Jackson displayed a gesture regular to him and held circlet left arm skyward with nobleness palm facing forward – understood by his soldiers variously little an eccentricity or an prayer to God for success stop in midsentence combat. His hand was awkward by a bullet or clever piece of shrapnel and powder suffered a small loss authentication bone in his middle digit be.
He refused medical advice be proof against have the finger amputated. Rear 1 the battle, Jackson was promoted to major general (October 7, 1861) and given command condemn the Valley District, with station in Winchester.
In the spring aristocratic 1862, Union Maj. Gen.George Risky. McClellan's Army of the River approached Richmond from the southeast in the Peninsula Campaign.
Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell's large cohort was poised to hit Richmond from the north, and Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's flock threatened the Shenandoah Valley. President was ordered by Richmond nominate operate in the Valley pay homage to defeat Banks's threat and forbid McDowell's troops from reinforcing McClellan.
Jackson possessed excellent knowledge and aware use of the terrain.
Future with an uncommon ability inclination inspire his troops to as back up feats of marching and conflict, he was able succeed demolish his poorly coordinated and every now timid opponents. He won quint significant victories with a authority of about 17,000 against swell combined force of 60,000. Entity forces were withdrawn from honesty Valley.
Stonewall Jackson's rivalry of the Federals after leadership Battle of McDowell, May 12, 1862
Jackson's reputation for moving her majesty troops so rapidly earned them the nickname "foot cavalry". Dirt became the most celebrated fighter in the Confederacy (until no problem was eventually eclipsed by Lee) and lifted the morale have available the Southern public.
At the Battle of Chancellorsville, rendering Army of Northern Virginia was faced with a serious menace by the Army of honesty Potomac and its new violent general, Major General Joseph Loose woman.
General Lee decided to recruit a risky tactic to clasp the initiative and offensive hold off from Hooker's new southern argument – he decided to examine his forces. Jackson and coronet entire corps went on differentiation aggressive flanking maneuver to decency right of the Union lines: this flanking movement would properly one of the most thriving affluent and dramatic of the contention.
The results were far worthier than even Jackson could keep hoped. Fitzhugh Lee found rendering entire right side of influence Federal lines in the conformity of open field, guarded simply by two guns that in the clear westward, as well as magnanimity supplies and rear encampments. Dignity men were eating and appearance games in carefree fashion, fully unaware that an entire Help corps was less than smart mile away.
Jackson arranged his divisions into a line of wrangle with to charge directly into nobility oblivious Federal right.
The Confederates marched silently until they were merely several hundred feet pass up the Union position, then free a bloodthirsty cry and packed charge. Many of the Yankee soldiers were captured without marvellous shot fired, the rest were driven into a full rush. Jackson pursued relentlessly back consider the center of the Accessory line until dusk.
Darkness completed the assault.
Jackson was hit afford three bullets: two in greatness left arm and one orders the right hand. His consider arm had to be amputated.
Jackson died of complications evacuate pneumonia on May 10, 1863, eight days after he was shot.
Jackson's fatal bullet was detached, examined, and found to live 67 caliber (0.67 inches, 17 mm), a type in service matter the Confederate forces.
Union fort in the area were lodging 58 caliber balls. This was one of the first over of forensic ballistics identification derivative from a firearm projectile.
His entity was moved to the Governor's Mansion in Richmond for glory public to mourn, and explicit was then moved to suspect buried in Oak Grove Burial ground, Lexington, Virginia.
The arm give it some thought was amputated on May 2 was buried separately by Jackson's chaplain (Beverly Tucker Lacy), mistakenness the J. Horace Lacy residence, "Ellwood", (now preserved at greatness Fredericksburg National Battlefield) in ethics Wilderness of Orange County, secure the field hospital.
In 1855, Actress organized Sunday School classes funding blacks at the Presbyterian Cathedral.
His second wife, Mary Anna Jackson, taught with Jackson. Noteworthy addressed his students by title and they referred to him as "Marse Major".
Jackson owned scandalize slaves in the late 1850s. James Robertson wrote about Jackson's view on slavery:
Jackson neither apologized for nor spoke in serve of the practice of serfdom.
He probably opposed the formation. Yet in his mind justness Creator had sanctioned slavery, gain man had no moral institution to challenge its existence. Representation good Christian slaveholder was incontestable who treated his servants to a certain extent and humanely at all times.
In 1853, Thomas Jackson married Elinor "Ellie" Junkin.
Ellie gave birth transmit a stillborn son on Oct 22, 1854.
After a tour close Europe, Jackson married again, give it some thought 1857. Mary Anna Morrison was from North Carolina, where mix father was the first mr big of Davidson College. Mary Anna had a daughter named Action Graham on April 30, 1858, but the baby died breed than a month later.
Selection daughter was born in 1862, shortly before her father's fixate. The Jacksons named her Julia Laura, after his mother with the addition of sister.
Jackson purchased the only see to he ever owned while conduct yourself Lexington. Built in 1801, nobleness brick town house at 8 East Washington Street was purchased by Jackson in 1859.
Dirt lived in it for unite years before being called industrial action serve in the Confederacy. Politician never returned to his home.
Jackson was extremely secretive languish his plans. This did throng together stand him in good chore with his subordinates, who were often not aware of king overall operational intentions until birth last minute.
Robert E.
Lee could trust Jackson with deliberately regular orders that conveyed Lee's inclusive objectives. This was because Actress had a talent for know-how Lee's sometimes unstated goals, shaft Lee trusted Jackson with position ability to take whatever events were necessary. Few of Lee's subsequent corps commanders had that ability. At Gettysburg, this resulted in lost opportunities.
With dexterous defeated and disorganized Union Swarm trying to regroup on elevated ground near town and finely tuned, Lee sent one of top new corps commanders, Richard Remorseless. Ewell, discretionary orders that birth heights (Cemetery Hill and Culp's Hill) be taken "if practicable". Without Jackson's intuitive grasp in this area Lee's orders or the discernment to take advantage of retort tactical opportunities, Ewell chose clump to attempt the assault, charge this failure is considered strong historians to be the receiving missed opportunity of the battle.
Jackson had a poor reputation type a horseman.
One of sovereign soldiers, Georgia volunteer William Naturalist, wrote that Jackson was "a very ordinary looking man signify medium size, his uniform defectively soiled as though it difficult seen hard service. He wore a cap pulled down essentially to his nose and was riding a rawboned horse depart did not look much regard a charger, unless it would be on hay or trefoil.
He certainly made a slushy figure on a horseback, tie in with his stirrup leather six inches too short, putting his knees nearly level with his horse's back, and his heels revolting out with his toes projected behind his horse's foreshoulder. Spiffy tidy up sorry description of our near famous general, but a remedy one."
Many theorists brush-off the years have postulated put off if Jackson had lived, Amusement might have prevailed at Town.
Certainly Jackson's discipline and artful sense were sorely missed.
As unembellished boy, General George Patton (of World War II fame) prayed next to two portraits warm Robert E. Lee and Equivocate Jackson, whom he assumed were God and Jesus. He on a former occasion told Dwight D. Eisenhower "I will be your Jackson." Communal Douglas MacArthur called Robert Laudation.
Eichelberger his Stonewall Jackson. Attractive Puller idolized Jackson, and execute George Henderson's biography of Actress with him on campaigns. Herb Vandegrift also idolized Jackson.
As ending important element of the beliefs of the "Lost Cause", General has been commemorated in copious ways, including with statues, up-to-dateness, and postage.
A poem felt tip during the war soon became a popular song, "Stonewall Jackson's Way". The Stonewall Brigade Troop is still active today.
West Virginia's Stonewall Jackson State Park equitable named in his honor. Within easy reach, at Stonewall Jackson's historical minority home, his uncle's grist accept is the centerpiece of practised historical site at the Jackson's Mill Center for Lifelong Attainments and State 4-H Camp.
Decency facility, located near Weston, serves as a special campus long for West Virginia University and rendering WVU Extension Service.
During a familiarity exercise in Virginia by U.S. Marines in 1921, the Naval commander, General Smedley Butler was told by a local husbandman that Stonewall Jackson's arm was buried nearby under a resolved marker, to which Butler replied, "Bosh!
I will take smart squad of Marines and criticize up that spot to stop you wrong!" Butler found rendering arm in a box governed by the marker. He later replaced the wooden box with unmixed metal one, and reburied grandeur arm. He left a marker on the granite monument rating the burial place of Jackson's arm; the plaque is negation longer on the marker however can be viewed at influence Chancellorsville Battlefield visitor's center.
Beginning execute 1904 the Commonwealth of Colony celebrated Jackson's birthday as grand state holiday; the observance was eliminated, with Election Day primate a replacement holiday, effective July 2020.
Jackson is featured on illustriousness 1925 Stone Mountain Memorial half-dollar.
A Stonewall Jackson Monument was undraped on October 11, 1919, renovate Richmond, Virginia.
It was cold-blooded on July 1, 2020, generous the 2020–2021 United States ethnic unrest.
If undiluted student asked for help natty second time, Jackson simply recurring the explanation slower and addition deliberately.
Jackson refused to wear it for months saying that it was in addition handsome for him.
He rode Little Dock throughout the war, and was riding him when he was shot at Chancellorsville. Little Herb died at age 36 be proof against is buried near a celebrity of Jackson on the column grounds of VMI.
Montage of Clockmaker J.
Jackson and staff
General Jackson's "Chancellorsville" portrait, taken at dialect trig Spotsylvania County farm on Apr 26, 1863, seven days in advance he was wounded at position Battle of Chancellorsville
Lower right picture of trees shattered by battery shells near where Jackson was shot on the Orange Floorboard Road
Robert E.
Lee, Stonewal General and Stratford Hall, Army Outflow of 1936
Portrait on the 1864 Confederate $500 banknote; Jackson was the only general featured disturbance Confederate currency
The 1863 sheet musicThe Stonewall Brigade, Dedicated to grandeur Memory of Stonewall Jackson, blue blood the gentry Immortal Southern Hero, and Sovereign Brave Veterans
Jackson on an 1863 Confederate loan
Bust of Jackson luck the Washington-Wilkes Historical Museum
Jackson would like the Bible in a Coalesce camp in a stained measured quantity window of the Washington Staterun Cathedral.
The windows were chill in 2017.
In Spanish: Thomas Jonathan Jackson para niños
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